Dampak Resiko Berkomunikasi di Media Sosial di Kalangan Remaja
Bilah Samping Artikel
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
This study examines the communication risks faced by adolescents in social media by highlighting the roles of self-disclosure, digital literacy, and parental mediation in influencing the emergence of such risks. The analysis was conducted through a systematic literature review of seven empirical studies published between 2006 and 2024, focusing on patterns of adolescent communication risks across various social media platforms. The findings reveal that the main types of risks include sexual exploitation, cyberbullying, and misuse of personal data. Contributing factors that increase these risks are adolescents’ excessive self-disclosure, limited digital literacy, and a lack of parental supervision and mediation. Preventive efforts can be implemented by enhancing awareness of privacy and online risks, strengthening digital literacy, and promoting active and educational parental mediation. This study contributes to the development of digital communication ethics among adolescents and provides a foundation for future research on safe and responsible communication strategies in social media.
Penelitian ini menelaah risiko komunikasi remaja di media sosial dengan menyoroti peran keterbukaan diri, literasi digital, dan mediasi orang tua dalam memengaruhi munculnya risiko tersebut. Kajian dilakukan melalui telaah literatur sistematis terhadap tujuh penelitian empiris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2006 hingga 2024, yang berfokus pada pola risiko komunikasi remaja di berbagai platform media sosial. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa jenis risiko utama yang muncul meliputi eksploitasi seksual, perundungan siber (cyberbullying), dan penyalahgunaan data pribadi. Faktor-faktor yang memperbesar risiko antara lain sifat naif remaja dalam membuka diri secara berlebihan, rendahnya kemampuan literasi digital, serta kurangnya pengawasan dan mediasi orang tua. Upaya pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap privasi dan risiko berinternet, memperkuat literasi digital, serta mendorong mediasi orang tua yang bersifat aktif dan edukatif. Kajian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan etika komunikasi digital di kalangan remaja serta menjadi dasar bagi penelitian lanjutan mengenai strategi komunikasi yang aman dan bertanggung jawab di media sosial.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.displayStats.downloads##
Rincian Artikel
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Cara Mengutip
Referensi
Affan, H. (2010). Remaja menjadi “korban” Facebook - BBC News Indonesia. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2010/02/100217_facebook
Altman, I. (1977). Privacy Regulation: Culturally Universal or Culturally Specific? Journal of Social Issues,33(3), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01883.x
Bryce, J., & Fraser, J. (2014). The role of disclosure of personal information in the evaluation of risk and trust in young peoples’ online interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 30, 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.09.012
Chen, R. (2013). Member use of social networking sites - An empirical examination. Decision Support Systems, 54(3), 1219–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.10.028
Christopherson, K. M. (2007). The positive and negative implications of anonymity in Internet social interactions: “On the Internet, Nobody Knows You’re a Dog.” Computers in Human Behavior,23(6), 3038–3056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.09.001
Collins, N. L., & Miller, L. C. (1994). Self - Disclosure and Liking : A Meta - Analytic Review. Psychological Bulletin, 116(3), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.116.3.457
Davis, K. (2012). Tensions of identity in a networked era: Young people’s perspectives on the risks and rewards of online self-expression. New Media & Society, 14, 634–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811422430
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Psychological Inquiry : An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory The " What " and " Why " of Goal Pursuits : Human Needs and the Self- Determination of Behavior The “ What ” and “ Why ” of Goal Pursuits : Human Needs and the Self. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104
Derlega, V. J., & Chaikin, A. L. (1977). Privacy and Self-Disclosure in Social Relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 33(3), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1977.tb01885.x
Hasinoff, A. A. (2013). Sexting as media production: Rethinking social media and sexuality. New Media and Society, 15(4), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812459171
Joinson, A. N. (2001). Self-disclosure in computer-mediated communication: the role of self-awereness and visual anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 192(31), 177–192.
Jourard, S. M., & Lasakow, P. (1958). Some factors in self-disclosure. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 56(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043357
Keipi, T., & Oksanen, A. (2014). Self-exploration, anonymity and risks in the online setting: analysis of narratives by 14–18-year olds. Journal of Youth Studies, 17(8), 1097–1113. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2014.881988
Lee, E. B. (2012). Young, Black, and Connected. Journal of Black Studies, 43(3), 336–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934711425044
Lee, S.-J., & Chae, Y.-G. (2012). Balancing Participation and Risks in Children’s Internet Use: The Role of Internet Literacy and Parental Mediation. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(5), 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0552
Leung, L. (2002). Loneliness, Self-Disclosure, and ICQ (“I Seek You”) Use. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIOR, 5(3), 241–251.
Liu, C., Ang, R. P. R. P. R. P., & Lwin, M. O. M. O. M. O. M. O. (2013). Cognitive, personality, and social factors associated with adolescents’ online personal information disclosure. Journal of Adolescence, 36(4), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.03.016
Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media & Society, 10(3), 393–411. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444808089415
Lwin, M. O., Stanaland, A. J. S., & Miyazaki, A. D. (2008). Protecting children’s privacy online: How parental mediation strategies affect website safeguard effectiveness. Journal of Retailing, 84(2),205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2008.04.004
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. (2007). Youth Internet Users at Risk for the Most Serious Online Sexual Solicitations, 32(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2007.02.001
Nasuha. (2011). Akibat jejaring sosial remaja hilang. Retrieved June 4, 2014, from https://www.antarariau.com/berita/16594/akibat-jejaring-sosial-remaja-hilang
Panji, A. (2014). Hasil Survei Pemakaian Internet Remaja Indonesia - Kompas.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014, from https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2014/02/19/1623250/Hasil.Survei.Pemakaian.Internet.Remaja .Indonesia
Staksrud, E., Ólafsson, K., & Livingstone, S. (2013). Does the use of social networking sites increase children’s risk of harm? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.026
Stern, S. R. (2002). Virtually Speaking: Girls’ Self-Disclosure on the WWW. Women’s Studies in Communication, 25(2), 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/07491409.2002.10162447
Suler, J. (2004). The Online Disinhibition Effect. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295
Valkenburg, P. M., Piotrowski, J. T., Hermanns, J., & de Leeuw, R. (2013). Developing and validating the perceived parental media mediation scale: A self-determination perspective. Human Communication Research, 39(4), 445–469. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12010
Valkenburg, P. M., Sumter, S. R., & Peter, J. (2011). Gender differences in online and offline self- disclosure in pre-adolescence and adolescence. The British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 29(2), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1348/2044-835X.002001
Warren, R. (2001). In words and deeds: parental involvement and mediation of children’s television viewing. The Journal of Family Communication, 1(4), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327698JFC0104